Онлайн-словарь

 
 I.  noun also gage 
 Etymology: Middle English gauge, from Anglo-French
 Date: 15th century
 
 
 1. a measurement (as of linear dimension) according to some standard or system: as, the distance between the rails of a railroad, the size of a shotgun barrel's inner diameter nominally expressed as the number of lead balls each just fitting that diameter required to make a pound , the thickness of a thin material (as sheet metal or plastic film), the diameter of a slender object (as wire or a hypodermic needle), the fineness of a knitted fabric expressed by the number of loops per unit width, dimensions,  size  ,  measure  1 , an instrument for or a means of measuring or testing: as, an instrument for measuring a dimension or for testing mechanical accuracy, an instrument with a graduated scale or dial for measuring or indicating quantity, relative position of a ship with reference to another ship and the wind, a function introduced into a field equation to produce a convenient form of the equation but having no observable physical consequences, see:  standard  
 
 II. transitive  verb also gage (gauged; also gaged; gauging; also gaging)
 Date: 15th century
 
 
 1. to measure precisely the size, dimensions, or other measurable quantity of, to determine the capacity or contents of,  estimate  ,  judge  , 
 
 2. to check for conformity to specifications or limits, to measure off or set out

 gauge theory 
  noun 
 Date: 1973
 any of several theories in physics that explain the transmission of a fundamental force between two interacting particles by the exchange of an elementary particle