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 I. pro noun (plural those) 
 Etymology: Middle English, from Old English thæt, neuter demonstrative pro noun & definite article; akin to Old High German daz, neuter demonstrative pro noun & definite article, Greek to, Latin istud, neuter demonstrative pro noun Date: before 12th century 
 
 1. the person, thing, or idea indicated, mentioned, or understood from the situation , the time, action, or event specified , the kind or thing specified as follows , one or a group of the indicated kind , 
 
 2. the one farther away or less immediately under observation or discussion , the former one, 
 
 3. a. — used as a function word after and to indicate emphatic repetition of the idea expressed by a previous word or phrase  b. — used as a function word immediately before or after a word group consisting of a  verb al auxiliary or a form of the  verb be preceded by there or a personal pro noun subject to indicate emphatic repetition of the idea expressed by a previous  verb or predicate  noun or predicate  adjective  
 
 4. the one ; the thing ; the kind ;  something  ,  anything  , some persons , 
 
 II. conjunction Date: before 12th century 
 
 1. a. (1) — used as a function word to introduce a  noun clause that is usually the subject or object of a  verb or a predicate nominative  (2) — used as a function word to introduce a subordinate clause that is anticipated by the expletive it occurring as subject of the  verb  (3) — used as a function word to introduce a subordinate clause that is joined as complement to a  noun or  adjective   (4) — used as a function word to introduce a subordinate clause modifying an  adverb or  adverb ial expression  b. — used as a function word to introduce an exclamatory clause expressing a strong emotion especially of surprise, sorrow, or indignation  
 
 2. a. (1) — used as a function word to introduce a subordinate clause expressing purpose or desired result  (2) — used as a function word to introduce a subordinate clause expressing a reason or cause  (3) — used as a function word to introduce a subordinate clause expressing consequence, result, or effect  b. — used as a function word to introduce an exclamatory clause expressing a wish  
 
 3. — used as a function word after a subordinating conjunction without modifying its meaning  
 
 III.  adjective (plural those)
 Date: 12th century
 
 
 1. being the person, thing, or idea specified, mentioned, or understood, being the one specified, so great a ;  such  , the farther away or less immediately under observation or discussion , 
 
 IV. pro noun 
 Etymology: Middle English, from Old English thæt, neuter relative pro noun , from thæt, neuter demonstrative pro noun Date: before 12th century 
 
 1. — used as a function word to introduce a restrictive relative clause and to serve as a substitute within that clause for the substantive modified by the clause   
 
 2. at which ; in which ; on which ; by which ; with which ; to which , according to what ; to the extent of what, 
 
 3. that which, the person who, 
 Usage: That, which, who: In current usage that refers to persons or things, which chiefly to things and rarely to subhuman entities, who chiefly to persons and sometimes to animals. The notion that that should not be used to refer to persons is without foundation; such use is entirely standard. Because that has no genitive form or construction, of which or whose must be substituted for it in contexts that call for the genitive. 
 Usage: That, which: Although some handbooks say otherwise, that and which are both regularly used to introduce restrictive clauses in edited prose. Which is also used to introduce nonrestrictive clauses. That was formerly used to introduce nonrestrictive clauses; such use is virtually nonexistent in present-day edited prose, though it may occasionally be found in poetry. 
 
 V.  adverb 
 Date: 13th century
 to such an extent ,  very  ,  extremely