RUFFLE: значение слова

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Merriam-Webster's Collegiate® Dictionary, 11th Edition

RUFFLE



I. verb (ruffled; ruffling)
Etymology: Middle English ruffelen; akin to Low German ruffelen to crumple
Date: 14th century
transitive verb

1. roughen , abrade , trouble , vex , to erect (as feathers) in or like a ruff,

3. to flip through (as pages), shuffle , to make into a ruffle, intransitive verb to become ruffled ,

II. noun
Date: 1534
commotion , brawl , a state or cause of irritation,

3. a strip of fabric gathered or pleated on one edge, ruff II,2, an unevenness or disturbance of surface ; ripple , ruffly adjective

III. noun
Etymology: ruff a drumbeat
Date: circa 1802
a low vibrating drumbeat less loud than a roll